Fact 7: Potential for Complications
Pulmonary sequestration, if left untreated, can lead to a range of complications, some of which can be severe. The most common complication is recurrent lung infections, such as pneumonia. These infections occur due to the impaired function and abnormal structure of the sequestered lung tissue, making it more susceptible to bacterial colonization and infection.
In some cases, particularly with intralobar sequestration, there is a risk of developing bronchiectasis in the affected lung area. Bronchiectasis is a condition characterized by permanent enlargement of parts of the airways, leading to chronic cough, mucus production, and recurrent respiratory infections. This complication further exacerbates the respiratory issues associated with pulmonary sequestration.
Rarely, pulmonary sequestration can lead to high-output cardiac failure. This occurs when a significant amount of blood from the systemic circulation is diverted to the abnormal lung tissue, placing an increased workload on the heart. This complication is more common in cases with large sequestrations and extensive aberrant arterial supply.
Another potential complication is the development of hemoptysis, or coughing up blood, which can occur due to the abnormal blood vessels associated with the sequestered lung tissue. While not common, hemoptysis can be a life-threatening condition and requires immediate medical attention.
While pulmonary sequestration is a treatable condition, it is not without potential complications, especially if left untreated. These complications highlight the importance of early diagnosis and intervention, as well as the need for ongoing monitoring and management in affected individuals. (7)
