2. Moderate Cognitive Impairment
As ARD transitions into its second stage, the symptoms become more pronounced and start affecting daily life significantly. The moderate cognitive impairment that characterizes this stage isn’t just about forgetfulness anymore but extends to a range of cognitive functions.
Individuals might struggle with tasks that involve problem-solving or require a sequence of actions. They might find it hard to cook, manage bills, or even follow a TV show. These difficulties stem from their trouble with keeping track of the sequence, processing information, and problem-solving, making even familiar tasks an uphill battle.
Communication becomes another significant hurdle at this stage. Individuals might struggle with finding the right words, leading to halting conversations filled with pauses as they grapple with their diminishing vocabulary. Understanding conversations can be equally challenging, particularly if they’re fast-paced or involve complex ideas.
They might also start misusing or misunderstanding words, adding another layer of difficulty to their communication. It’s not uncommon to see individuals substituting words, using incorrect words, or having difficulty understanding complex sentences.
Alongside cognitive and communication challenges, physical symptoms become more evident in stage 2 of ARD. The individual might exhibit an unsteady gait, clumsiness, or frequent falls. These symptoms arise due to the impact of alcohol on the brain’s regions that control balance and coordination.
There might also be tremors or shaky hands, particularly while performing tasks that require fine motor skills. The individual might struggle with buttoning shirts, using utensils, or other tasks that we often take for granted.
This stage sees a significant impact on the individual’s daily life. Their ability to perform routine tasks independently starts declining. They might need help with managing finances, cooking, or even personal care. They might also become prone to getting lost, forgetting routes to familiar places, or losing track of time.
Work becomes increasingly challenging, and many individuals might need to stop working at this point. They might also struggle with social interactions due to their communication challenges, leading to increased social withdrawal.
The change in abilities and the growing dependence can lead to emotional reactions, including frustration, depression, or anxiety. The individual might also exhibit mood swings, irritability, or apathy.
Support and intervention become critical at this stage. Stopping alcohol consumption remains a primary focus, but the support needs to extend to other areas of life.
Cognitive and physical therapies can help manage symptoms, while emotional and psychological support can help the individual cope with the changes. Creating a safe environment, simplifying tasks, and providing reminders can help them retain their independence as much as possible. (2)
