4. Genetic Alterations: PTC vs. FTC – The Blueprint Variations
Each cancer type carries a distinct set of genetic alterations, and Papillary and Follicular Thyroid Cancer are no exceptions. The genetic landscape of these cancers provides a deeper understanding of their development and progression and often has significant implications for treatment and prognosis.
PTC is commonly associated with specific genetic alterations. The most frequently observed is the BRAF V600E mutation, found in approximately 45% of PTC cases. Other notable genetic changes linked to PTC include RET/PTC rearrangements and mutations in the RAS gene.
In contrast, FTC has its own unique set of genetic alterations. It is often associated with RAS mutations and PAX8/PPARγ rearrangements. Importantly, the BRAF V600E mutation, which is common in PTC, is rarely seen in FTC.
The contrasting genetic landscapes of PTC and FTC are more than just scientific curiosities. They can influence the approach to treatment, with certain targeted therapies being more effective against cancers harboring specific genetic changes. Therefore, understanding the genetic blueprint of these cancers stands as a cornerstone in the evolution of personalized medicine for thyroid cancer. (4)
