Risk factor 2. Age – The Clock’s Influence on Thyroid Cancer
The second risk factor that plays a pivotal role in thyroid cancer development is age. Research has shown that while this condition can strike at any age, certain age groups appear more susceptible. The age factor seems to work differently for men and women, adding an additional layer of complexity to our understanding.
The incidence of thyroid cancer, particularly papillary thyroid cancer, the most common type, tends to peak in women between the ages of 40 and 50. For men, the peak is usually a decade later, between the ages of 50 and 60. This differential pattern by age and gender again points towards potential hormonal influences, with menopause in women and andropause in men being key life stages.
But why would age be a factor? As we grow older, our bodies undergo various physiological changes. The cumulative effect of prolonged exposure to various risk factors over time and the general decline in immunity can increase the risk of mutations that could lead to cancer.
In addition, the ageing process can lead to changes in the structure and function of the thyroid gland. For example, nodules in the thyroid, which are growths or lumps, become more common as we age. While most thyroid nodules are benign, a small percentage can become cancerous. (2)
