Symptom 4. Loss of Executive Function
A critical, but often less-recognized symptom of vascular dementia is the loss of executive function. Executive functions are high-level cognitive processes that include problem-solving, decision-making, planning, and organizing. They are responsible for our ability to get things done, from day-to-day tasks to long-term plans and goals.
A person with vascular dementia may face growing difficulties with these executive functions. They may struggle to make decisions, even minor ones like what to have for breakfast. Planning and organization skills may falter, causing tasks like planning a day out or organizing a cupboard to become overwhelming.
The loss of executive function can significantly interfere with a person’s independence. Tasks and activities that were previously manageable can become daunting, leading to a reliance on others for assistance. This can be particularly distressing for the individual, as they grapple with a diminishing sense of autonomy.
Like other symptoms of vascular dementia, loss of executive function is caused by reduced blood flow to particular brain areas. In this case, the frontal and prefrontal cortex areas, responsible for executive functions, are typically affected. (4)
