Symptom 12. Confusion or Difficulty Thinking: The Cognitive Impact of Liver Problems
Confusion or difficulty thinking can be a significant symptom of liver problems and can indicate a condition known as hepatic encephalopathy. When the liver is damaged or not functioning properly, it can affect the brain’s normal functioning, leading to cognitive changes.
Liver problems can contribute to confusion and difficulty thinking through various mechanisms:
Buildup of Toxins: The liver plays a vital role in detoxifying the body by processing and eliminating toxins. When the liver is compromised, it may not effectively remove toxins from the bloodstream. These toxins, such as ammonia and other metabolites, can accumulate in the body and cross the blood-brain barrier, affecting brain function and leading to cognitive impairment.
Altered Neurotransmitter Levels: Liver dysfunction can disrupt the balance of neurotransmitters in the brain, affecting communication between brain cells. This imbalance can contribute to cognitive changes, including confusion, difficulty concentrating, and memory problems.
Metabolic Disturbances: Liver problems can lead to metabolic imbalances, such as electrolyte disturbances or changes in blood sugar levels. These imbalances can affect brain function and contribute to cognitive impairment.
Hepatic encephalopathy can range from mild to severe, and the symptoms can vary from subtle changes in cognitive function to more pronounced confusion, personality changes, and even coma in severe cases.(12)
