Symptom 19. Malnutrition: A Stealthy Consequence of Ulcerative Colitis
Malnutrition is a stealthy consequence that can occur in individuals with ulcerative colitis (UC) due to the chronic inflammation and gastrointestinal symptoms associated with the condition. While it may not be as immediately noticeable as other symptoms, malnutrition can have significant long-term effects on overall health and well-being.
The inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract caused by ulcerative colitis can interfere with the normal absorption and digestion of nutrients from food. This can lead to malabsorption, where essential vitamins, minerals, and other nutrients are not adequately absorbed by the body. Additionally, the frequent diarrhea and increased bowel movements associated with UC can further contribute to nutrient loss.
The consequences of malnutrition can vary depending on the severity and duration of nutrient deficiencies. Common nutritional deficiencies in individuals with ulcerative colitis include:
Protein Deficiency: The chronic inflammation in UC can lead to increased protein breakdown and loss. This can result in muscle wasting, decreased strength, and impaired wound healing.
Vitamin and Mineral Deficiencies: Malabsorption of vitamins and minerals, such as vitamin D, vitamin B12, iron, and calcium, can occur in UC. These deficiencies can lead to fatigue, weakened immune function, bone loss, anemia, and other complications.
Electrolyte Imbalances: The frequent diarrhea associated with UC can cause electrolyte imbalances, including low levels of sodium, potassium, and magnesium. These imbalances can affect various bodily functions, leading to weakness, muscle cramps, and irregular heart rhythms.
Weight Loss: Malnutrition can result in unintended weight loss, which may be a visible sign of nutrient deficiencies. Unexplained weight loss can lead to muscle wasting, reduced energy levels, and a compromised immune system.(19)
