Fact 14: High Cholesterol Levels Contribute to Small Vessel Disease
High cholesterol levels, particularly high levels of LDL cholesterol, can contribute significantly to the development and progression of small vessel disease. LDL cholesterol can accumulate in the walls of small vessels, leading to the formation of fatty deposits, or plaques. Over time, these plaques can harden and narrow the vessels, disrupting the flow of blood, a condition known as atherosclerosis.
Once the small vessels become narrow due to the cholesterol buildup, they struggle to supply adequate oxygen and nutrients to the tissues they serve. The resulting lack of oxygen, or ischemia, can cause damage to these tissues and lead to the symptoms and complications of small vessel disease.
In the brain, this may result in cognitive decline, while in the heart, it can lead to chest pain (angina) or a heart attack. If the small vessels supplying the kidneys are affected, it could lead to kidney failure. Thus, managing cholesterol levels is crucial in preventing the development and progression of small vessel disease.
To keep cholesterol levels under control, it’s necessary to adhere to a heart-healthy diet, rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats, while limiting saturated fats, trans fats, and cholesterol. Regular physical activity also helps improve cholesterol levels by raising HDL cholesterol and lowering LDL cholesterol.
