Cause 8. Adrenal Insufficiency: The Endocrine Path to Hyponatremia
Adrenal insufficiency, also known as Addison’s disease, is a condition characterized by insufficient production of adrenal hormones. These hormones, cortisol, and aldosterone play a critical role in various bodily functions, including maintaining blood pressure, regulating the immune system, and balancing electrolytes. When these hormones are deficient, it can lead to hyponatremia.
Cortisol helps to maintain blood pressure and cardiovascular function. When cortisol levels are low, blood pressure can drop, stimulating the release of ADH. As we’ve seen before, increased ADH can cause the kidneys to retain more water, leading to a dilution of sodium in the blood and resulting in hyponatremia.
Aldosterone, on the other hand, is directly involved in sodium and water balance. It promotes the reabsorption of sodium and water in the kidneys while stimulating the excretion of potassium. When aldosterone levels are low, sodium reabsorption is reduced, leading to a loss of sodium in the urine and a decrease in blood sodium levels.(8)
