Fact 5: MTC and the Complications of Advanced Disease
Like any cancer, MTC, if left unchecked or inadequately treated, can progress to an advanced stage. This advancement of MTC is characterized by distant metastasis, with the cancer spreading beyond the thyroid gland and local lymph nodes to distant sites, such as the liver, lungs, and bones.
The complications of advanced MTC are multifaceted, affecting multiple aspects of an individual’s health. One potential complication involves hoarseness, which can occur when the cancer involves the recurrent laryngeal nerve. Trouble swallowing or breathing may also develop if the tumor grows large enough to compress the esophagus or trachea. These physical complications can significantly impact a person’s quality of life.
Systemic complications can also arise due to the excessive secretion of hormones by the cancerous C cells. Flushing, diarrhea, and symptoms related to high calcium levels, such as increased thirst and urination, can become pronounced in advanced disease.
The complexity and diversity of these complications highlight the importance of early detection and intervention. A proactive approach can help prevent the cancer from reaching an advanced stage, thereby averting potential complications and preserving the quality of life for patients. (5)
