14. PTEN Gene Mutations and Cancer: Understanding the Oncogenic Connection
As we move on to the fourteenth fact, we unravel the intricate link between PTEN gene mutations and cancer. It’s well-established that PTEN gene mutations play a fundamental role in cancer development, but understanding the underlying biology can provide more in-depth insights into this connection.
The PTEN gene is classified as a tumor suppressor gene. This means that its primary function is to regulate cell growth and prevent cells from growing and dividing too rapidly or in an uncontrolled way. When the PTEN gene is functioning correctly, it acts as a crucial checkpoint, maintaining cellular order and thwarting the development of cancer.
However, when mutations occur in the PTEN gene, its ability to regulate cell growth effectively is hampered. This can result in uncontrolled cell growth and division, creating a breeding ground for tumors to develop. PTEN gene mutations are linked with several types of cancer, including breast, thyroid, endometrial, and kidney cancer.
But it’s essential to remember that while PTEN gene mutations increase the risk of developing cancer, not everyone with these mutations will develop cancer. Other genetic and environmental factors also play a critical role in cancer development. (14)
